魏晋边塞士族与河陇学术的积淀

The Kinship Organizations of the Frontier and the Academic Accumulation of Helong in Wei-Jin Dynasties

在战乱频仍的魏晋时期,河陇却为魏晋已降之北中国学术典章制度的保存,奠定了相应的基础。究其原因,乃因河陇地处边郡,频繁的边塞战事,早在东汉时期,就催生出一批集军政大权于一身、独立性极强的边塞士族。这些士族常以坞壁为聚落,形成独立性极强的社会权力组织,即"中世纪共同体",控制基层社会并垄断其社会利益。当中央集权松动时,这些边塞士族便东向攻掠,举全力"图王";当中央集权加强时,便退入坞壁自保,并延请名师教授子弟,蓄养士马。魏晋门阀制度盛行之时,久经边塞战事历练的河陇士族,更是如鱼得水,所以其学术空前活跃。同时,与中原内地相比较,河陇边塞多属"旧族门户",因此其学术具有很强的延续性。正是这些边塞士族的强势、独立和稳定,促进了其区域士族学术的持续发展,也为永嘉之乱后北中国文化的保存奠定了基础。

During Wei-Jin Dynasties, Helong laid a certain foundations for the academic institutions and regulations of Northern China. The reason is that Helong was located in the frontier and the fre- quent frontier wars had given birth to the kinship organizations which made up by a mixture of militar- y and political power long before Eestern Han Dynasty. They formed an independent social and power organization named ＂Middle Ages community＂ by the settlement of fortress to control the basic society and even the whole. The organizations were just eastern to attack and rob when the centralization weakened, going so far as to replace it. When the centralization strengthened, they withdrew to the fortresses to invite famous professors to teach their younger generation and paid attention to their horses＇ keeping. The academic of the kinship organizations which were well-trained by frontier wars be- came unprecedented brisk while the feudal marital system of Wei-Jin Dynasties prevailed. Compared with the central plains of China, the academic＇s continuity was stronger in Helong because the kinship organizations there were old and steady. In a word, it was strength, independence and stability that promoted the durative academic development of Helong and it was the development that laid important foundations to the preservation of Northern China^s culture after Yongjia Turmoil.