从产品分工走向功能分工：经济圈分工形式演变与长期增长

From Sectoral to Functional Specialization:Industry Integration in Metropolitan Area and Economic Growth

近年来长三角的产品分工的专业化程度开始下降,研发和专业服务逐渐向上海集中,中心城市上海和江浙之间存在从产品分工走向功能分工的迹象。事实上,近几十年以来日本和美国经济圈的中心城市与其他城市之间都出现了从产品分工向功能分工的演变:中心城市更多的发挥管理、研发和服务的功能,生产功能则主要由经济圈其他城市承担。这是一个比较普遍的现象。本文在南北贸易模型的框架下,从理论上分析了这种现象出现的机制及其影响。我们发现,无论是技术层面的如企业异地管理成本的减少,还是制度层面的如针对产业转移的行政壁垒的降低,都会使稳态中经济圈中心城市和其他城市之间的产品分工程度降低,功能分工程度上升,并且在稳态中,经济圈的技术进步率和经济增长率增加,居民效用的增长率提高。

Industry integration is an important aspect of metropolitan area＇s optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. The principle of industry integration is to exploit comparative advantage of all the cities, and the pivot is the mode of industry integration between the central city and the other cities. There are two paths of industry integration between the central city and the other cities, Which respectively are sector specialization and function specialization. From the experiences of developed countries, along the advancement of communication technology, there has been a shift in the main dimension along which cities specialize, from a specialization by sector to a specialization by function. In fact, the Yangzi delta has also shown this transformation. The current paper investigates the mechanism behind this phenomenon in the light of endogenous technology innovation.