试论孝德教育的源起和产生

The Origin and Coming to being of Filial Piety Education

孝德源起于原始社会以血缘为基础的自然亲情、尊祖祭祖的宗教情怀和氏族养老尊老的古老传统。孝德教育的产生经历了漫长的发展过程,其中所包含的"尊祖祭祖教育"和"尊老养老教育"均可追溯到原始社会。孝德教育产生于西周。西周的孝德教育已经包含学校教育、祭祖仪式、"乡饮酒礼"、视学制度及"释奠礼"、朝廷训俗、采风易俗等诸多教育形式,其中,祭祖是西周孝德教育最主要的形式。孝德教育在西周产生是由当时"家国一体"的社会结构所决定的。

Filial piety originated from close blood relationship,religion feelings respecting an ancestor or offering a sacrifice to ancestors and the clan＇s old tradition. Before filial piety education came to being,it had experienced endless development process. Both the education of respecting an ancestor or offering a sacrifice to ancestors and the education of providing for or respecting the aged can be traced back to primitive society. In the West-Zhou dynasty, filial piety education came to being. Filial piety education in the West-Zhou dynasty have contained much education form, such as school education, offering a sacrifice to ancestors ceremony, drinking gift, examining teaching system, holding a memorial ceremony for the teacher who passed away,model custom of royal government, etc. Among them, offering a sacrifice to ancestors ceremony is the main form. Why filial piety education came to being in the West-Zhou dynasty depends on ＂home and state as a unit＂ social structure.