建国以来我国农村合作医疗制度的改革与发展

Reforms and Development of China's Rural Cooperative Medical Care System

我国农村合作医疗起源于20世纪50年代初,发展于60、70年代。但由于长期受"左"的思想影响,农村合作医疗制度带有浓厚的政治色彩。改革开放后,党中央、国务院首先对农村合作医疗进行了制度化改革,以摆脱政治束缚。20世纪90年代,我国开始探索市场经济条件下的农村合作医疗发展的新道路,采取了"以个人投入为主,集体扶持,政府适当支持"的方法,使农村合作医疗事业逐渐走出了低谷。进入21世纪后,党中央、国务院把"人人享有基本医疗卫生服务"确立为全面建设小康社会的重要目标之一,终于在2008年建立起新型农村合作医疗制度,成为新中国成立以来的一项重大成就。

China＇ s rural cooperative medical care system was established in 1950＇s and gradually perfected in 1960＇s and 1970＇s. However, the system had a strong flavor of politics influenced by the Left ideology. Since China＇s Reforms and Opening up began, an institutional reform of it was carried out in order to throw off the restrains of politics. In 1990＇s, a new way of ＂individual investment, collective supplement, and government＇s support＂ was adopted under the condition of market economy and this greatly rejuvenated the cause of rural cooperative medical care. In 21st century, the Central Committee of the Party and the State Council are aiming at making ＂every citizen enjoy a basic medical and health service＂ as one of the important goal of constructing an overall Xiao Kang Society. Thus a new rural cooperative medical care system, as one of the great achievements since the founding of PRC, was set up in 2008.