龙头节肢蕨配子体发育的研究

A Study on Gametophytes development of Arthromeris lungtauensis

采用原生境土、Knorp’s营养液和MS培养基的培养方法对龙头节肢蕨（Arthromeris lungtauensis Ching）的孢子进行对照培养，观察其孢子萌发和配子体发育过程。结果：孢子黄色，呈二面体型，赤道面观为肾形，极面观椭圆形，周壁瘤状，有刺，单裂缝；接种5d后孢子开始萌发，萌发为书带蕨型（Vittaria-Type），原叶体的发育为槲蕨型（Drynaria—Type）；接种7d后向丝状体发育，为5～8个细胞长；接种2周后向片状体发育，片状体呈长阔匙形，达6～8纵列细胞；接种6周后向原叶体发育，成熟的原叶体呈对称心形，毛状体二型（单细胞乳头状的毛状体和g～5个细胞分枝的毛状体）和假根分叉；接种9周后出现精子器，早于颈卵器1周出现和成熟；精子器具宽而短的柄，颈卵器的颈沟部较短而且通常弯曲。研究表明龙头节肢蕨的配子体发育过程中出现毛状体，假根分叉，颈卵器弯曲等进化特征，并对其分类学意义初步讨论。

The spores of Arthromeris lungtauensis Ching were respectively cultured in Habitat of soil, Knorp＇ s and MS. The spore germination and gametophyte development were observed under microscope. The results showed that the spores are yellowish, bilateral type, monolete, warty perines with spinosity, kidney-shape in equatorial view and elliptical in polar view. The spores germianated within 5 days after inoculation, the type of germination is Vittaria-Type while that of gametophyte development is Drynaria-Type. Filamentous growth appeared within 7 days after inoculation, Its length were 3 - 8 cells ; Prothallial plates growth appeared within 2 weeks after inoculation, A long broad spatulate prothallial plate is formed with 6 - 8 cells broadth ; Young proth- allus growth appeared after 6 weeks after inoculation, Adult prothalli are Cordate-thalloid with two type hairs （ unicllular papillate hair and 4 -5 cells fromed branche hair） and bifurcate rhizoids, Antheridia were appeeared on prothallus within 9 weeks after inoculation. It appeared and matured about 1 week earlier than archegonia. Antheridia are short width handle. Archegonial neck usually short curves. They indicated that adult prothallus with hairs, bifurcate rhizina and curve archegonium are some the evolution characteristic. The paper preliminary discusses its taxonomic significance.