广东省罗非鱼及其养殖环境中食源性致病菌菌相分析

Analysis on food-borne pathogenic microorganism of tilapia and cultivation environment in Guangdong Province

对广东省3个不同产区罗非鱼及其养殖环境中食源性致病微生物的构成进行了分析。采用选择性培养基、生物梅里埃微生物鉴定系统与Biolog微生物自动化鉴定系统相结合的方法对罗非鱼和养殖环境中的主要食源性致病菌种类进行分离鉴定。结果表明：罗非鱼鱼体及其养殖环境中存在的主要食源性致病菌种类，随季节的不同而有变化，其中以夏季致病菌种类最多，鱼体及其养殖环境分别为11和12种致病菌；而春季鱼体中致病菌较少，为6种。罗非鱼鱼体及其养殖环境中以致病性嗜水气单胞菌、致泻大肠埃希氏菌、沙门氏菌最为常见，四季均有，其中致病性嗜水气单胞菌以春夏季节检出率较高，环境中检出率达83％～89％，鱼体中达44％～67％；致泻大肠埃希氏菌环境中春夏秋季检出率达83％～100％，鱼体夏秋季中达48％-67％；沙门氏菌环境中春秋季检出率达33％～39％，鱼体中达44％～52％。其次在罗非鱼鱼体还分离到霍乱弧菌、副溶血性弧菌、创伤弧菌、阴沟肠杆菌、阪崎肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和恶臭假单胞菌等致病菌。

Food-borne pathogenic microorganism compositions of tilapia and their cultivation environment which were from different areas of Guangdong Province were analyzed. Methods： Using different selective media, the Merieux Microbiological system and microorganism automation appraisal system to separate and identify food-borne pathogenic microorganism. The results showed： The species of food-borne pathogens varies with the season change, most the types of pathogens in the summer and less in the spring. The numbers of pathogenic species of fish body and its culture environment are 11 and 12 in the summer, respectively. And in the spring, the number of pathogenic species of fish body is only six. Pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila, diarrheogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella are mostly common in tilapia and their cultivation environment each season. Detection rate of pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila was higher in spring and summer, of which 83% -89% in cultivation environment and 44% -67% in fish. The detection rate of diarrheogenic Escherichia coli was 83% -100% in spring, summer and autumn from cultivation environment and was 48% -67% in summer and autumn from fish. The detection rate of Salmonella was 33% -39% from cultivation environment and was 44% -52% from fish in spring and autumn. The other food-borne pathogenic microorganisms have been identified from fish such as Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter sakazakii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida and so on. The aim of the survey is to provide theoretical basis for predictive foodborne pathogenic microorganism in tilapia.