安徽鹞落坪国家级自然保护区蝶类的垂直分布及其群落多样性

Vertical distribution and community diversity of butterflies in Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve,Anhui,China

采用定点法、样线法和随机调查法,2005—2008年间对安徽鹞落坪国家级自然保护区蝶类垂直分布及群落多样性进行调查.本次调查共捕获蝶类3681只,隶属于10科69属111种,其中蛱蝶科的物种数、个体数和多样性指数均高于其他各科;该地区蝶类呈现由东洋界向古北界过渡的特征,且随着海拔的升高东洋界种类逐渐递减,古北界种类逐渐增多.在3个垂直带中(海拔低于800m、800～1200m、高于1200m),海拔800～1200m垂直带的蝶类种类最丰富.研究区6种主要生境类型(落叶阔叶林、常绿针叶林、针阔混交林、灌木和次生林、农田、居民点)中,灌木和次生林中蝶类的物种数和个体数量、物种多样性指数均高于其他各生境类型,农田生境中蝶类多样性指数最低;生境之间蝶类物种的相似性系数主要与生境构成要素中的植被类型有关,植被类型相差越大,蝶类物种的相似性系数就越小,研究区针阔混交林与灌木和次生林之间的蝶类物种相似性系数最高(0.61),而常绿针叶林与灌木和次生林之间的相似性系数最低(0.20).

By the methods of fixed point, line intercept, and random investigation, the vertical distribution and community diversity of butterflies in Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve were investigated from 2005 to 2008. A total of 3681 specimen were collected, belonging to 111 species, 69 genera, and 10 families, among which, Nymphalidae had the higher species number, individual＇s number, and diversity index than the other families. The butterflies in the study area were a mixture of Oriental and Palaearetic species, with the Oriental species diminished gradually and the Palaearetic components increased gradually with increasing altitude. Among the three vertical zones （ 〈 800 m, 800-1200 m, and 〉 1200 m in elevation）, that of 800-1200 m had the most abundant species of butterflies; and among the six habitat types （deciduous broad-leaved forest, evergreen conifer forest, conifer-broad leaf mixed forest, bush and secondary forest, farmland, and residential area）, bush and secondary forest had the higher species number, individual＇s number, and diversity index of butterflies, while farmland had the lowest diversity index. The similarity coefficient of butterfly species between the habitats was mainly dependent on vegetation type, i. e. , the more the difference of vegetation type, the lesser the species similarity coefficient between the habitats, which was the highest （0. 61 ） between conifer-broad leaf mixed forest and bush and secondary forest, and the lowest （0.20） between evergreen conifer forest and bush and secondary forest.