2006年河南省居民视力残疾抽样调查分析

A cross-sectional study on the visual disability of the residents in 2006 in Henan province, China

目的探讨2006年河南省居民视力残疾现状以及主要致视力残疾的疾病现状。方法采用以人群为基础的横断面调查方法。应用分层、多阶段、整群概率比例方法抽取样本。按照国家分配给河南省的12万人样本量进行抽样。抽取的县市区组织调查队、培训调查人员。于2006年4月1日至5月31日进行现场入户调查，登记相关信息，筛查和确诊各类残疾人员和残疾原因。单纯视力残疾的性别、城乡现患率差异比较采用卡方检验。结果实际调查36923户，130415人。查出视力残疾1973人，总现患率1．51％；其中盲643人（0．49％），低视力1330人（1．02％）。视力残疾人群主要集中在50岁及以上年龄组。女性单纯视力残疾的现患率高于男性（女性1．36％，男性0．77％，X^2=105．687，P〈0．01），农村现患率高于城市（农村1．15％，城市0．58％，X^2=56．047，P〈0．01）。致视力残疾眼病构成比的前5位分别是白内障（54．69％）、视网膜脉络膜病变（8．21％）、角膜病（5．83％）、遗传先天异常或发育障碍（5．07％）、青光眼（4．56％）。结论政府、卫生部门、防盲治盲机构应更重视居民视力残疾问题，尤其应关注50岁及以上人群，需加强白内障、视网膜脉络膜病变、角膜病、遗传先天异常或发育障碍、青光眼等疾病的防治工作。

Objective To explore the status on visual disability and the leading causes in residents in Henan Province. Methods It was a cross-sectional study and a part of the National Epidemiological Study on the disability in 2006. Sample size 120 000 was assigned to Henan study by the protocol of the National epidemiologieal study on the disability. Stratified, equal interval, proportional probability; fourstage sampling was adopted. Survey teams were organized, and survey personnel was trained in the sampled counties and cities. Visual disabled persons were screened by home to home visit and confirmed by ophthalmologists. Results 130 415 persons in 36 923 households were studied. 1973 persons were confirmed to have the visual disability, the prevalence was 1.51%. Among them, 1376 persons just suffer from the visual disability （ simple visual disability） , 579 persons had multiple disability including the visual disability （ multiple disability ） . Among them, 643 persons （ 0. 49% ） were blindness, 1330 persons （ 1.02% ） were low vision. The age of the most of the persons with visual disability was more than 50 years old. The prevalence of the simple visual disability in male and female was 0. 77% and 1.36% respectively and had significant statistical difference （ X^2 = 105. 687, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The prevalence of the simple visual disability in urban and rural area was 0. 58% and 1.15% respectively and also had significant statistical difference （ X^2 = 56. 047, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The first five leading causes of the visual disability were cataract （54. 69% ） , retinal and choroidal diseases （8.21%） , corneal diseases （5.83%） , genetic and congenital eye diseases （5.07%） and glaucoma （4. 56% ）. Conclusion Government and health organizations should pay more attention to the prevention and treatment the visual disability in Henan province, especially the prevention and treatment of cataract, retinal and choroidal diseases, corneal diseases, genetic and congenital eye diseases and glaucoma.