软骨细胞增殖与分化旁/自分泌通路的研究进展

Advancement of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation by paracrine and autocrine signaling pathway

软骨细胞在发育成熟过程中,在各种生长因子、细胞因子及各种外界环境如机械压力、细胞密度变化等的作用下,发生明显形态和生化成分的改变,表现出软骨细胞的特征性变化,是通过特定的细胞信号转导通路使特定基因表达启动或关闭引起的,其中各种旁分泌/自分泌因子在促进软骨形成过程中发挥着重要的作用。目前发现与软骨细胞相关的旁/自分泌家族主要有以下几类:转化生长因子β家族、成纤维生长因子家族、Hedgehog家族和Wingless家族。细胞内基因的表达并不是一种信号的结果,而是各种信号共同参与的结果。各个细胞通路之间的联系及相互关系还有待于今后进一步发现和证实,而明确各因子对软骨细胞增殖与分化的作用也将为组织工程化软骨的发展指引方向。

In the process of chondrocytes development and maturation, the chondrocyte displayed great morphological and biochemical change under the control of kinds of growth factors and changeable environments, such as mechanical stress, or cell density changes. This change of characteristic chondrocytes is controlled by specified signaling pathways, and the autocrine and parocrine factors are playing an important role in the promotion of chondrogenesis. At present, the autocrine and parocrine familys are divided into following types, including the transforming growth factor β family, fibroblast growth factor family, Hedgehog family, and Wingless family. However, the gene expression is not decided by the only one pathway, but the results of the cooperation of various signals. Therefore, the relationship between the pathways is going to be found and confirmed. To identify the effect of the each factor during the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes may direct the development of tissue-engineered cartilage.