明代大食分日食记录考证

An Examination for Large Solar Eclipse Records in Ming Dynasty

自明代开始，地方志中出现大量的日食记录，其中全食、近全食记录对于现代天文学研究具有特殊意义．明代此类记录共有270条，由于流传中的混淆，其中大半错误．现以（中国古代天象记录总表｝为基础，根据现代天文学计算结果和原文的文字特征，对每一条记录进行考证和说明，试图恢复记录原貌，以便使其中宝贵的信息得以应用。

Beginning from Ming Dynasty (1368~ 1644 AD), many ancient astronomical recordswere collected in local chronicles and solar eclipse was one of the main topics. Differingfrom the official records, local records sometimes keep more vivid details of the celestialphenomena, Nevertheless there are much more mistakes in them than in the officialrecords. Of 662 items of local records of solar eclipse in Ming Dynasty, 270 items describelarge eclipse with words such as 'total', 'all stars were seen', 'dark as middle night',These valuable records were collected from hundreds of rare ancient books twenty yearsago in a huge project and have not been formaily published before. Unfortumately most ofthese records can not be identified by modern astronomical computation because of themistakes which came from the process in which the books were produced. ln this paper the270 items of large eclipse records are presented and each one has been examined by textualreaserch and astronomical computation. The authors tried to firld the causes of the mistakes and restore their original state so as to use them in the reaserch on history of astronomy and modern sciences.