秸秆基质的配比优化及在设施番茄栽培上的应用效果研究

Optimization of Straw Substrate Formula and Its Utilizing Effect on Tomato Production in Greenhouse

利用农作物秸秆合成无土栽培基质是其资源化利用的一条有效途径,但秸秆基质单独使用时存在物理性状的缺陷,试验以腐熟的玉米秸秆与小麦秸秆体积比2:1混合作为基础秸秆基质,研究了其与土壤、炉渣、蛭石三种基质材料的复配效果,并以草炭与炉渣的复合基质为对照,选择不同类型秸秆复合基质进行了设施番茄的栽培试验,结果表明:秸秆基质与土壤、炉渣等重型基质材料复配可显著改善其物理性状,适宜的复配比例为3:1～4:1;秸秆基质在设施番茄栽培过程中基质物理性状仍发生较大变化,容重较定植前提高,而大小孔隙比显著降低,对照基质栽培前后物理性状变化不大;秸秆型基质在设施番茄栽培上的应用效果良好,与对照相比,秸秆与土壤的复合基质显著提高了番茄植株叶片的净光合速率,并显著增加了番茄座果数与产量。

To produce organic cultivation substrate is an effective method to utilize crop straw, but the straw substrate exhibited physical property drawbacks while being used solely. In this paper, the composted corn and wheat straw substrates were mixed as the basic straw substrate, the optimum formula of straw substrate mixed with soil, slag and vermiculite was studied, and the effect of different compound straw substrates on tomato growth in greenhouse was analyzed while the peat and slag compound substrate was used as control. Results showed that the physical properties of straw substrate were improved markedly while mixed with soil and slag as the mixing ratio being 3：1 - 4：1. The physical properties of straw substrate changed significantly during the tomato cultivation as the bulk density increased and the A/W ration decreased respectively, however the physical of CK changed little. Straw substrate exhibited favorable effect on tomato growth, the compound substrate of straw and soil improved the Pn of tomato, and increased fruit number and yield significantly compared with control.