湿地生态系统退化研究综述

Research Advances for the Degradation of Wetland Ecosystem

由于全球环境变化的影响和人类活动的干扰,湿地生态系统发生严重退化,湿地面积减少,质量和功能持续下降。目前湿地退化研究多采用空间分布代替时间序列的方法,将湿地退化阶段依次分为:未退化—轻度退化—中度退化—重度退化—已开垦。面对湿地退化,应采取积极有效的措施,加强湿地生态系统退化过程中碳氮耦合,湿地退化的动力学机制以及湿地恢复理论和技术的研究。

Wetland is a multi-function ecosystem with enormous eco-environmental function and economic benefit. Wetland degradation would directly affect eco-environmental change, social progress and economic sustainable development. It is a series of phenomenon of ecosystem deterioration, such as structure destroying, function decaying, diversity decreasing, productivity declining, and so on, that caused by natural environment changes and irrational human activities. The paper divided five grades of degradation wetland, that is non-degraded wetland, simple degraded wetland, medium degraded wetland, serious degraded wetland and cultivated wetland （farmland）.The present situation of wetland degradation and main reasons were analyzed, and then the countermeasure and scientific researches of wetland resource protection and sustainable utilization were put forward.