土壤微生物活性影响因子的研究进展

Research Advances on the Factors Influencing the Activity of Soil Microorganism

土壤微生物是土壤生态系统的重要组成部分,对土壤微生物活性的研究是近年来土壤生态学研究的热点。本文综述了环境因子包括CO2、O3、温度等以及土壤管理措施对土壤微生物活性影响的最新研究结果,指出环境因子对土壤微生物具有抑制,促进,不变等作用。不同的土壤管理措施对土壤微生物活性影响不同,长期连作、大量的外援化学物质的应用降低了土壤微生物的多样性;而施用有机肥、免耕可以增加土壤微生物群落结构多样性,有利于维持土壤生态系统的功能。

Soil microbe is an important component of soil ecosystem, and its activity is the hot spot of recent soil ecological study. In this paper, it was summarized that research advances in the effects of CO2, O3, temperature and soil management on the diversities of soil microbial activity. Environmental factors can restrain, promote or maintain the soil microbial activities. Soil microbial activity is also strongly affected by soil management. Application of pesticides usually causes declines in soil microbial diversity or changes in it＇s structure and function. Long-term monocuhure and application of chemical fertilizers or pesticides decrease the diversity, while application of organic manure or non-tillage increased the diversity and is good for maintaining the functions of soil ecosystem.