重金属铬对金鱼的毒性效应及鳃的组织学影响

Toxicity of Chromium and Histological Effect of Gill on Carassius auratus

探讨了重金属铬(chromium,Cr)对鱼类的毒性效应,为环境质量评价及环境监测提供可靠的科学依据。以金鱼(Carassius auratus)为受试动物,采用单因子急性毒性实验法及显微观察法,检测了铬对金鱼急性毒性作用以及鳃的组织学变化,并统计半致死浓度(Median lethal concentration,LC50)和安全浓度(Safe concentration,SC)。结果表明,Cr6+的24、48、72、96h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为387.1、370.9、281.9、200.2mg/L,安全浓度(SC)为102.176mg/L。组织切片结果显示,Cr6+使鳃小叶变细且细胞坏死脱落。铬为中等偏高毒性的重金属污染物,对金鱼的毒性作用是随着体内积累的浓度增加而增强,并可造成鳃组织的严重受损。

To study acute toxicities of chromium （Cr） to fish, which can offer reference for evaluating environmental quality and detecting environment, We studied the acute toxicities of chromium and the histological change of gill on Carassius auratus using statistics and histological methods, and stated the median lethal concentrations （LC50） and the safety concentrations （SC）. The results of acute toxicity showed that the LC50 at 24, 48, 72, 96 hour were 387.1,370.9,281.9,200.2 rag/L, and SC is 102. 176 mg/L. The results of histological observation showed that the cells of branchial leaflets fall off and branchial leaflets become thin. These results suggest that chromium is an heavy metal pollutant which have middling and high side toxicity on Carassius auratus, and damage its gill. The toxicity effection is boost up along with increase of the concentration of chromium in Carassius auratus.