钦寸水库大坝建设对鱼类资源的影响预测及其保护对策

Effective Calculation and Protected Countermeasures of Qincun Reservoir Dam Construction to the Fish Resources

报道了浙江省钦寸水库工程建设对所涉及流域鱼类资源的影响及其相关保护对策。调查发现该区域内现有鱼类31种,隶属5目14科;饵料生物70种,隶属6门4大类。其中,国家重点保护的经济水生动植物资源11种。从生物学习性方面归纳了鱼类基本归属的生态类型:鱼类的栖息环境、食物类型、洄游及繁殖习性;同时,根据水库开发的实际情况,从生态学的角度阐述了水库建设对鱼类栖息环境、食物类型、繁殖时间、繁殖习性以及洄游等特性的负面影响,指出由于水库建设造成的阻隔影响、水文情势变化、饵料和生境改变,将会是造成该流域鱼类物种多样性严重丧失的主要原因。为减免这些影响,建议采取相应的保护措施,通过建立自然保护区、增殖放流等方式,切实有效保护该区域内的鱼类资源。

The effect and protected countermeasures of Qincun reservoir dam construction in Zhejiang province to the fish resources were recorded. 31 species of fish, belonging to 14 families and 5 orders, of which 11 kinds were national protective aquatic resources were found . Meanwhile, 70 species of food organism, belonging to 6 phylums and 4 kinds were found. The ecological types of each fish were summarized according to their biological characteris- tics：fish living surroundings, food type, migration and reproductive feature. And based on the reality of exploitation of reservoir, the negative influences were set forth of aforesaid biological characteristics in an ecological view. The main reasons of species-diversity serious loss were considered as separation of river, inundated spawning places and destroyed fish living surrounding caused by reservoir constraction. In order to reduce these influence and to protect fish resourses, the protective countermeasures were put forward, including establishing artificial-breeding station, conservative reserve, etc.