提高学校建筑抗震能力的对策建议

Countermeasures and suggestions for enhancing seismic capacity of school buildings

在对汶川地震中学校建筑震害调查的基础上,对学校建筑在建筑选址、结构体系、抗震措施、施工质量等方面存在的问题进行了系统的分析,并相应提出了提高学校建筑抗震能力的对策建议.为确保大震不倒,学校建筑应采用抗震性能好的结构体系,宜优先选用钢筋混凝土框架结构,限制使用砖混结构,禁止使用预制空心楼板及预制楼梯,禁止采用外廊悬挑式单跨建筑,推荐采用内廊式钢筋混凝土框架教学楼方案.本研究工作对全国中小学校建设标准的修订,具有重要参考价值.

Based on the investigation on damaged buildings during Wenchuan earthquake, the existing problems of school buildings which have a great influence on the seismic capacity are systemically analyzed, such as construction site, structure system, seismic fortification measures, construction quality, etc. Countermeasures and suggestions are proposed accordingly for enhancing the seismic capacity of school buildings. In order to make sure non-collapse for major earthquakes, the structure system with better seismic capacity should be used for school buildings. RC frame structures are better than that of masonry structures. Single span multilayer brick-house with outer corridor or single span frame structure must be limited, and precast hollow slab or precast stair must be forbidden. Inner corridor RC braced frame school buildings are recommended to use in high intensity zones. This research will benefit to the revision of the national standard for school buildings.