汶川地震中都江堰市房屋建筑失效模式分析

Failure mode analysis of buildings in Dujiangyan in Wenchuan earthquake

根据都江堰市内房屋建筑的震害,分析总结了其在汶川地震中的失效模式及失效机理.首先给出了房屋建筑的地震失效模式判别准则,重点分析了都江堰市内房屋建筑在汶川地震中的典型失效模式和相应的失效机理.分析发现,对于多层砌体房屋和底部框架房屋,按现行规范进行抗震设防比较有效,对于钢筋混凝土框架房屋,还存在一些突出问题:结构形成了"弱柱强梁"的破坏机制,底层易于变成薄弱层,柱的截面尺寸相对较小和纵向钢筋配筋偏低,柱在端部和节点区的箍筋配置普遍不足.并根据房屋建筑的典型失效模式提出了相应建议.该研究工作可为房屋建筑的抗震设计和加固提供参考依据.

Typical failure modes and corresponding failure mechanism of buildings in Wenchuan earthquake are analyzed according to seismic damage in Dujiangyan City. Firstly, the seismic failure criteria of buildings are given. Secondly, typical failure modes and corresponding failure mechanism of buildings in Dujiangyan City are mainly analyzed. By analysis, it is found that for multistory masonry buildings and bottom frame buildings seismic fortification is effective according to current seismic code and that for reinforced concrete frame buildings there are still some typical problems： the ＂weak column-strong beam＂ mechanism occurs commonly, soft story collapse, column＇s section size is comparatively small and reinforcement ratio is comparatively low, column＇s stirrup is insufficient universal at the end and beam-column joint part. Finally, some suggestions are proposed based on typical failure modes of buildings. The research work can provide reference for seismic design and strengthening of buildings.