中国苜蓿属植物遗传资源分类整理探究

The Exploration and Classification of Genetic Resources of Genus Medicago in China

通过野外考察、标本搜集、鉴定及文献检索统计,重新分析整理了中国苜蓿属种质资源野生种、引进种及人工培育新品种的基本状况,结果表明:中国是世界上苜蓿属种质资源最丰富的国家之一,苜蓿属野生种达22种,包括亚种、变种共35种,由国外引进的遗传材料涉及到11个种,保存于国家牧草种质资源中期库的苜蓿遗传材料共825份。利用这些种质材料培育的人工新品种共60个。提出了苜蓿属具有分类价值的10个形态学指标,统计了苜蓿属多年生种数占中国全部苜蓿资源的比例,提出了新疆是中国苜蓿属植物遗传资源的分布中心和变异中心,分析了苜蓿多年生种的进化与新疆中心形成的联系,建议应用紫花苜蓿复合体概念处理苜蓿属部分种的分类混杂问题,并加强对紫花苜蓿复合体的搜集和评价,推进苜蓿栽培品种的杂交培育和经济利用。

The general states of germplasm resources of genus Medicago in China were introduced based on investigation, collection, classification and information search. The results showed that China is one of the richest countries in genetic resources of genus Medicago in the world, which possesses 35 species including sub-species and variants, and the amount of perennial species is up to 84% of total species in China. Totally 825 accessions were conserved in National Gene Bank, and total 60 cultivars were developed by those Medicago germplasm materials. Xinjiang is the center of genus Medicago genetic resources in China. Ten indexes of morphological characteristics were proposed as valuable critical items for classification, and a concept of ＂Medicago sativa complex＂ should be used in management and classification system of Medicago resources was suggested.