美国学校咨询体系的形成与发展

The Formation and Development of School Counseling System in America

进入21世纪,学校咨询已经成为美国学校管理和运作中必不可少的一部分,无论是在学生学业发展、职业发展,还是在学生个性化或社会化发展方面都发挥着举足轻重的作用。美国学校咨询大致经历了起源、蓬勃发展和专业化发展三个阶段,主要向学生、家长和教师提供咨询、顾问、协调和评价四项基本服务,并形成了多种服务模式,建立起了较完善的针对学校咨询师的认证和职业道德体系。

Since the 21st century,school counsehng has been an essential part of school administration and operation in USA. School counseling plays an important role in the student academic achievement,career planning and personal or social development. American school counseling has experienced such three periods as original ,vigorous development and professional development, which mainly provides four basic services for students, parents and teachers, which include counseling, consulting, coordination, evaluation. It has formed many kinds of model providing services, and has established a system of certification and professional ethics for school counselor.