儿童期虐待和父母养育方式与抑郁症的关系研究

The relationship of depression to childhood abuse and the parental rearing behaviors

目的探讨儿童期虐待和父母养育方式与抑郁症的关系。方法采用儿童期虐待史自评量表（PRCA）、父母养育方式评价量表（EMBU）对符合人组标准的98例抑郁症患者进行评估，并与100例正常人群进行对照，采用汉密顿抑郁量表（24项，HAMD）评定抑郁症状严重程度。结果抑郁症患者儿童期受虐待史率（36．7％）明显高于正常人（9．0％），差异具有显著性（P〈0．01）。抑郁症患者的父母惩罚严厉、拒绝否认[分别为（17．95±5．72）分，（13．89±5．40）分，（10．45±3．47）分，（13．99±4．85）分]，高于对照组[分别为（15．98±4．86）分，（11．61±4．19分）分，（8．02±2．98）分，（11．14±3．76）分]，而父母情感温暖理解因子，低于对照组，差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。抑郁症状与情感虐待、性虐待、忽视因子及父母惩罚严厉、拒绝否认、母亲过分干涉因子呈显著正相关（r：0．298—0．540，P〈0．05或P〈0．01），与父母情感温暖理解因子呈显著负相关（r=-0．350～-0．508，P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。情感虐待、性虐待、忽视和虐待总分与父母养育方式多个因子分存在显著相关（r=-0．479～0．523，P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论抑郁症患者儿童期遭遇过较多的情感虐待、性虐待和忽视，父母养育方式影响儿童虐待的发生，儿童期被受虐待经历和父母不良养育方式与抑郁症的形成有关。

Objective To explore the relationship of depression to childhood abuse and the parental rea- ring behaviors. Methods 120 patients with depression and 100 healthy controls were evaluated with personal re- port of childhood abuse （PRCA） and egma minnen borndoms uppforstran （EMBU） ,then the data were usecl to an- alyze, and the depression state assessed with the 24-item Hamilton rating scale for depression （HAMD）. Results The occurrence rate（36.7% ）of childhood abused history in depressive patients was significantly higher than that in healthy controls （9.0%） （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Compare with the healthy controls, depressive patients had high- er scores in parental punishment and severity, rejection and denial, while had lower scores in parental emotional warmth（17.95±5.72 vs 15.98 ±4.86,13.89 ±5.40 vs 11.61 ±4. 19,10.45 ±3.47 vs 8.02±2.98,13.99± 4.85 vs 11.14±3.76,45.34±8.58 vs49.43±9.21,46.92±10.19 vs 50.17±11.85,all P〈0.05）. Depres- sion sign were positively correlated to emotional abuse factor, sexual abuse factor, neglect factor, parental punish- ment and severity, rejection and denial, mother＇ s over interference （r = 0. 298 ~ 0. 540, P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ） , neg- atively to parental emotional warm （r = - 0. 350 - - 0. 508, P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. Significant relation exists be- tween emotional abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, total abuse and some factors of the parental rearing behaviors （r = -0.479 -0.523, P〈0.05 orP〈0.01）. Conclusion Depressive patients experienced more severe traumatic e- vents during their early life,parental rearing behavior effeeted childhood abuse,and childhood maltreatment experi- ences and negative parental rearing behavior have influence on the development of depression.