城乡高中生睡眠质量及相关因素的对照研究

A comparative study on related factors of sleep quality between urban and rural senior high school students

目的探讨城乡高中生睡眠质量及相关影响因素。方法应用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）及自拟基本情况调查表，抽取山东省济南市某中学和曲阜某中学高二年级各12个班学生共1407名作为研究对象，进行睡眠质量、焦虑、抑郁和学生家庭、学校相关因素调查及统计分析。结果高中生睡眠障碍检出率为14．61％，其中城市为14．01％，农村为15．19％；PSQI总分为（4．21±3．02）分，城市为（3．87±3．12）分，农村为（4．55±2．89）分，农村高于城市，差异有极慰著性（P〈0．01）：PSQI总分与SAS与SDS标准分总分呈显著正相关关系（P〈0．01），与学习成绩呈显著负相关关系（P〈0．01）。影响城市高中生睡眠质量的家庭因素主要有父母健康状况、父子关系、母子关系、父母关系、教养一致性、家庭学习环境、家庭周围风气（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），农村高中生主要有父亲健康状况、父子关系、父母关系、教养一致性、家庭学习环境、家庭周围风气、经济状况（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。影响城市高中生睡眠质量的学校因素主要为学习计划、作业完成情况、学习时间、师生关系、学校风气（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；农村高中生主要为学习计划、学习负担、完成作业情况、学习时间、同学关系、师生关系、学校风气（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论高中生睡眠障碍检出率高，农村高于城市。影响高中生睡眠质量的因素有焦虑抑郁情绪、学习成绩、家庭因素、学校相关因素等，城市与农村影响因素具有一定差异性。

Objective To explore the relationships between the sleep quality and the relevant factors of senior high school students from urban and rural. Methods By cluster sampling, a total of 1407 students from one urban senior high school in Jinan and one rural senior high school in Qufu were investigated using self-rating depression scale （SDS） , self-rating anxiety scale （SAS） , The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI）. The basic information and related factors were also recorded. All the data were inputted into the SPSS database and then ana- lyzed. Results A total 1383 senor high students completed the investigation. Among them 685 （49. 5%） students were from the urban high school, and 698 （50.5%） from rural high school. The detection rate of sleep disorders in high school students was 14.61% in total, and 14.01% in urban students and 15. 19% in rural students respectively ; The total score of PSQI was 4.21± 3.02, and the urban students 3.87 ± 3.12 and the rural students 4.55 ± 2.89, with a significant deference between the two area students （P 〈 0.01 ）. The total score of PSQI was significant related to anxiety and depression（P 〈 0.01 ） , negatively related to the students＇ academic re- cord（P〈0.01 ）. The family factors to effect sleep quality of urban senor high students were parental health condi- tion, father-child relationship, mother-child relationship, parental relations, consistency style of upbringing, fami- ly learning environment and atmosphere around the family, et al （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0. O1 ）. The main factors for rural students were father health condition, parental relationship, family learning environment, atmosphere around the family and the family economic states （P 〈 O. 05 or P 〈 O. Ol ）. The school factors to effect sleep quality of high school students from urban area were study plan, assignment performance, learning time, teacher-student relation- ship and school environment （P 〈 O. 05 or P 〈 O. O1 ）. For students rural were study plan, learning burden, assign- ment performance, learning time, classmate relationship, teacher-student relationship and school environment （P 〈 O. 05 or P 〈 O. 01 ）. Conclusion The detection rates of sleep disorder are high in senior high students. The de- tection rate of sleep disorder is higher in rural students than in urban students. The factors to effect sleep quality include anxiety and depression, the students＇ academic record, family factors, and school-related factors. The in- fluence factors have some different between the urban and rural students.