明清北岳祭祀地点转移之动态考察

Expositions on Beiyue Hengshan——Focusing on Worship Controversy in Ming-Qing Dynasties

五岳之制形成于秦汉。自秦汉以降,北岳恒山均指河北曲阳西北之恒山,今称大茂山,北岳之祭亦在曲阳。至金元始有道士、僧众夸示浑源为恒山所在。至明,浑源恒山在地方势力尤其是大同军事力量的推动下,地位和影响不断提升,多次有官员要求改祀北岳于浑源。在此过程中,浑源恒山的影响不断扩大,曲阳恒山则逐渐边缘化。至顺治十七年,清廷为争取自身合法性正式改祀。大同地方军事保护信仰需求对于浑源恒山地位在明代不断上升起了重要作用,诸此反映了话语权力的转移、地域社会变迁及其与国家之间的互动关系。

Wuyue （Five Sacred Mountains, 五岳）System was formed during Qin-Han Dynasties. Since then, Beiyue（北岳;） Hengshan（恒山）was on the northwest of Hebei Quyang（ 曲阳 ）which is called Damaoshan（大藏山）now. Imperial China had been worshiping Beiyue at Quyang. There were Taoists and monks who claimed that Beiyue Hengshan was in Hunyuan（浑源） since Jin-Yuan Dynasty. During Ming Dynasty, the status and impact of Hunyuan Hengshan had been rising under the help of local forces especially the Datong（大同 ）military strength. Several officials requested changing the worship place from Quyang to H unyuan. In the 17^th year of Shunzhi （顺治）reign, the Qing government changed the worship place formally for its own legitimacy. The author tries to analyze the process and reason of status rising of Hunyuan Hengshan in Ming Dynasty from the perspective of Datong military safety need and hopes to open out the interactive relations among the discourse, the regional society and the state.