两种健康干预模式对农村生态卫生设施应用效果影响的研究

Effectiveness of Two Health Intervention Models on Application of Ecological Sanitation Facilities in Rural Areas

目的了解两种健康干预模式对农村生态卫生设施应用效果的影响。方法在广西龙胜、南丹、隆安、贵港等地随机选择已建好生态卫生设施(粪尿分集式生态卫生厕所)的394户农户分为在建造厕所前开展健康干预(1组)和在建造厕所后开展健康干预(2组),干预结束后由调查员采用入户询问和观察相结合的方法对全部394户进行调查,了解农民相关知识掌握情况、生态卫生设施在使用和维护中存在的问题及农民的卫生行为形成等情况。结果1组和2组的农民相关知识水平较高,且对各相关知识的知晓率差异无统计学意义;1组和2组对生态卫生设施使用率分别为92.5%和95.5%,其中正确使用率分别为91.5%和92.9%,清洁程度好和中的厕所所占比例分别为92.5和95.5%,农户的满意率分别为90.4和92.0%,差异均无统计学意义。结论两种健康干预模式都能有效提高农民相关知识水平和生态卫生设施的正确使用率、满意率,且两者的效果差异无统计学意义,因此这两种模式都可在农村改厕中推广应用。

Objective To evaluate the effects of two health imervention models on the application of ecological sanitation in rural areas. Methods A random sample of 394 farmer households installed with urine diverting ecological sanitation facilities were selected around Guangxi and assigned to groups 1 and 2. A survey using questionnaires and field survey was conducted in the households after the intervention to assess their health knowledge and behaviors. Results Both groups had relatively high levels of health-related knowledge, showing no statistical differences.92.5% of the households in the group 1 and 95.5% in the group 2 utilized ecological toilets,of which 91.5% and 92.9% respectively used them correctly. 92.5% of the toilets had good sanitation conditions and 95.5% fair conditions. The satisfactory rates among farmers were 90.4% in the group 1 and 92.0% in the group 2. Conclusion The two health intervention models beth significantly improve health awareness, correct toilet use and satisfaction among farmers, showing no statistical differences. Therefore they beth can be applied in sanitation improvement in rural areas.