菜籽油的深加工研究——碱催化制备生物柴油

Further Processing of Rapeseed Oil-Preparation of Biodiesel with Base Catalysis

[目的]探索制备生物柴油(RME)及甘油的工艺条件。[方法]以菜籽油、工业甲醇为原料,利用氢氧化钠为催化剂与乙酸甲酯通过酯交换反应制备生物柴油(RME),通过正交试验优化制备工艺条件,依次考察反应温度、NaOH浓度、醇油摩尔比及反应时间对菜籽油转化率的影响。[结果]随NaOH加入量增加,产量相应减少;甲醇用量在24 ml对产量的影响达到最大;酯交换反应的温度不宜太高,时间也不宜过长。最佳酯交换反应条件是:反应温度为60℃,NaOH用量为油重的1.0%,醇油摩尔比为6:1,反应时间为120 min,在此条件下菜籽油转化率最高,达到94.81%。红外分析检测显示,所得产物为生物柴油。[结论]该产品性能达到0#柴油指标,说明用该法生产生物柴油是可行的。

Objective ] The purpose was to explore the process conditions of preparation of biodiesel （ RME ） and glycerin. [ Method ] With rapeseed oil and industrial methanol as raw materials, the RME was prepared by using NaOH as catalyzer through reaction of ester exchange with methyl acetate, the preparation process conditions were optimized through orthogonal experiment, and the effects of reaction temperature, NaOH conch. , molar ratio of methanol to oil and reaction time on rapeseed oil conversion rate were investigated in turn. [ Result ] The yield was decreased accordingly with the increase of NaOH adding amount; the effect of methanol dosage at 24ml on yield reached to the maximum; the temperature of transester/fication should not he too high, and time not suitable to be too long. The best transesterification conditions were ： reaction temperature of 60 ℃, NaOH dosage being 1.0% of oil weight, mole ratio of methanol to oil of 6：1, and reaction time of 120 min. The rapeseed oil conversion rate was the highest, up to 94.81% , under the aforesaid conditions. The infrared analysis test showed that the outcome obtained was biodiesel. [ Conclusion] This performance product attained 0# diesel oil index, which indicated that the method was feasible to produce biodiesel.