洪水河灌区春小麦节水灌溉田间水管理系统中几个指标分析

Analysis of Several Indicators of Spring Wheat in Water-saving Irrigation of Field Water Management System in Flood River Irrigation District

[目的]研究分析洪水河灌区春小麦节水灌溉田间水管理系统中的几个指标。[方法]根据民乐县洪水河灌区益民灌溉试验站最近连续10年的有关资料和部分试验成果,以及在推广实施中存在的问题,对灌区春小麦节水灌溉田间水管理系统中秋灌储水指标、产量与灌水量、需水强度、需水模系数、根系分布与各阶段土壤水分控制标准几个指标进行了分析。[结果]洪水河灌区春小麦在4月上旬播种为宜;三叶期由储水供给水分,不必灌水;可在分蘖后期灌水,灌水时间为5月18～22日;头水应根据可供水量的多少来灵活掌握,在一般水文年份灌水定额应控制在980～1 050 m^3/hm^2;在抽穗期需灌2水,灌水时间一般为6月18～22日,定额为1050～1120m^3/hm^2。抽穗-成熟阶段若水资源紧张,可以不再灌水。[结论]确定出了适宜于洪水河灌区的春小麦节水灌溉制度。

[ Objective ] The research aimed to analyze several indicators of spring wheat in water-saving irrigation of field water management system in Flood River Irrigation District. [ Method] Based on the last decades data and some of the test results as well as the existing problems in the promotion of the implementation of Yimin Irrigation Experiment Station of Flood River Irrigation District of Minle County ,the analysis was conducted on several indicators of spring wheat in water-saving irrigation of field water management systems,such as the storage amount of au- tumn irrigation water, yield and the amount of irrigation water, water requirement intensity, water requirement coefficient, root distribution and control standard of soil moisture at all stages. [ Result] The suitable sowing time of spring wheat in Flood River Irrigation District is the first ten-day of April. It is not necessary to irrigate at 3-leaf stage of spring wheat. The irrigation can make in the late tillering,and the watering time was the 18^th -22^th May. The first irrigation water amount can change according to the allowable water-supply, and is 980 - 1 050 m^3/hm^2 at normal hydrological year. The second irrigation may be make at the heading stage ,and the watering time is the 18^th -22^th June ,the irrigation water amount is 1 050 - 1 120 m^3/hm^2. It is not necessary to irrigate from heading to mature stage if the water resource is in a shortage. [ Conclusion ] The study identify the suitable water-saving irrigation schedule on spring wheat in the Flood River Irrigation District.