马铃薯整薯播种在生产上的应用效果及产量形成因素分析

Application of Whole Potato Tuber-sowing and Analysis of Yield Component

[目的]探索马铃薯整薯播种在生产上的应用效果及产量成因,为马铃薯生产选用种薯提供参考。[方法]以贵州省毕节地区农科所育成的B9907-16、B9910-9为试验材料,设整薯播种防病、防退化增产试验,不同重量的整薯播种增产效果试验,整薯播种产量构成因素分析试验进行分析。[结果]整薯播1年,当年环腐病的发病率由20.0%降为4.0%,退化株率由16.0%降为8.0%,净增产率这42.8%以上;连续整播2年以上,环腐病发病率可由21.0%降为1.0%,退化株率可由18.0%降为6.0%,净增产率这52.0%以上。通过第1年整播,第2年切块播种,其留种效果也很明显,退化株率和环腐病发病率都有明显地降低,表现在产量上较常规切块留种的方式单产提高35.0%;采用150.0 g的大薯到20.0 g以下的小薯进行整薯播种,均较常规切块播种有一定的防病、防退增产效果,其净增产率达11.6%～77.4%。[结论]采用50.0～75.0 g的整薯播种,不仅能够有效防止马铃薯环腐病和退化,而且是一项协调马铃薯个体与群体矛盾,达到合理密植的丰产措施。

[ Objective] The reference for the selection of parent potato in production was provided through the research on the effect of whole potato tuber-sowing on production and the yield component. [ Method] The potato-B9907-16 and B9910-9, bred by the Bijie Prefecture Agriculture Research Institute, being taken as experimental material, the yield component of whole potato tuber-sowing was analyzed on the basis of the experiment in the disease-controlling, degeneration-reducing and yield-increasing of the different weights of whole potato. [ Result ] The rate of loop rot-occurrence was reduced from 20.0% to 4.0% ; the rate of plant degeneration, from 16.0% to 8.0% ; and the yield was increased over 42.8% in the year when it was sown and the rate of loop rot-occurrence was reduced from 21.0% to 1.0% ; the rate of plant degeneration, from 18.0% to 6.0% ; and the yield was increased over 52.0% in the second year of its successive sowing. The tuber as parent seeds for next year from the whole potato tuber-sowing could produce the obvious effect on the reduction of plant degeneration and loop rot-occurrence with the yield-increasing of over 35.0% compared with conventional method. The whole potato tuber-sowing with size of 150.0 - 20.0 g/potato could promote the disease-controlling, degeneration-reducing and yield-increasing （ 11.6% - 77.4% ）. [ Conclusion ] The whole potato tuber-sowing with size of 50.0 - 75.0 g/potato could effectively both prevent the loop rot-occurrence and plant degeneration and coordinate contradiction between potato individual and population development of, achieving good yield with proper planting density.