中国农村女性劳动力就业及转移状况研究

Study on Employment and Transfer Situation of Rural Women Labor Force in China

利用官方的统计数据,分别阐述了农村女性劳动力就业和转移的总体现状,并根据农村女性劳动力就业及转移过程中的"结构性"问题,分析指出,农村女性整体文化素质偏低、农村中老年妇女大量滞留农业、社会保障制度缺失和社会化服务体系不健全等因素是制约农村女性劳动力就业和转移的主要原因。因此,针对农村女性劳动力就业及转移过程中所存在的问题,提出了相应的对策建议:①提高农村女性劳动力文化素质和技能,增强就业竞争力;②完善劳动力市场,健全社会保障制度;③发展劳动密集型乡镇企业,实施农业产业化经营,对促进我国劳动力有序转移和推进城市化进程具有重要意义。

The general situations of employment and transfer of rural women labor force were analyzed by using official statistical data, and according to structural problem of employment and transfer of rural women labor force, the main reasons of restriction of employment and transfer of rural women labor force were pointed out, such as low cultural quality, abundant of rural aged women stayed in agriculture, the deletion of social security system, imperfect social service system and so on. Therefore, several countermeasures and suggestions of employment and transfer of rural women labor force were put forward as followed. First of all, it should promote the cultural quality and skill of rural women labor force and strengthen employment competence. In addition, it should improve labor market and social security system. Finally, it should develop laborintensive township enterprises and implement agricultural industrialization management, and it was significance to enhance labor force transfer orderly and advance the urbanization process.