利用游离小孢子培养技术育成豫白菜7号(豫园1号)

A New Chinese Cabbage F1 Hybrid‘Yubaicai No.7’ Developed by Isolated Microspore Culture

对大白菜游离小孢子培养技术进行了研究，并比较了此技术与花药培养胚诱导效率的差异。结果表明游离小孢子培养诱导效率比花药培养高数十倍。常规育种需５～６代自交才能得到相对纯合的自交系，而游离小孢子培养只要１～２年就能获得基因完全纯合的双单倍体系。豫白菜７号（豫园１号）为两个游离小孢子培养产生的自交不亲和系（纯系）配制的一代杂种，表现整齐一致、抗病、高产、优质、耐贮藏，生育期７５～８０天。每６６７ｍ２净菜产量６０３６．７～７５３８．８ｋｇ，比鲁白８号增产８．３６％～２４．４％。１９９４～１９９７年累计推广３．０１万ｈｍ２。

Isolated micropore culture of Chinese cabbage was studied,its efficiency was compared with anther culture. The results showed that efficiency of isolated microspore culture was doubles higher than that of anther culture.Double haploid plants were obtained in only 12 years by isolated microspore culture while inbreds were obtained in 56 years by original method. ‘Yubaicai No.7’ is a hybird variety of Chinese cabbage developed by crossing two self-incompatible lines selected from isolated microspore cultures. The F1 hybrid has high disease resistance,high yield,good quality,storage durability. It can be harvested 7580 days after sowing. The yield was about 90.61113.1 t/ha,8.36%24.40% higher than the check variety (Lubai No. 8). The total acreage was 30100 ha from 1994 to 1997.