工作倦怠理论与研究展望

Job Burnout Theories and Research Development

对工作倦怠的研究历史进行简要回顾,阐述了工作倦怠的主要特征及其给个体、家庭、组织,甚至整个社会等带来的负面影响,重点介绍了工作倦怠的4种理论解释——社会-文化-历史的倦怠观、与匹配有关的理论、与资源论有关的倦怠观和存在主义的倦怠观。展望工作倦怠领域研究应加强5个方面的研究:测量工具的改进与统一;工作倦怠诊断标准的确定;加强工作倦怠形成过程和干预机制研究;关注宏观因素工作倦怠的影响,以及各层面因素的相互作用;加强社会支持的作用机制研究。

The paper reviewed the history of job burnout study, described the characteristics of burnout and its effect on individ- ual, family, organization and society. It introduced the different approaches of burnout-social-culture-history approach, fit ap- proach, resource approach and so on. It suggested that more attention should be paid to the integration of measure implemental, diagnostic criteria, the effect of macro factors and social support, and intervention of burnout.