柑桔配方施肥与叶片Fe Zn营养的主成分分析

ANALYSIS OF FORMULA FERTILIZATIONAND COMPONENT FACTORS OF FOLIARFe Zn IN CITRUS VARIETIES

以四川、重庆的紫色土，贵州的红黄壤和３个柑桔品种为试材，采用Ｎ，Ｐ，Ｋ，Ｍｇ，Ｚｎ元素，进行５因素５水平旋转组合配方施肥试验。结果表明，柑桔叶片的Ｆｅ，Ｚｎ含量与Ｍｎ，Ｎ，Ｋ，Ｍｇ，Ｃａ呈不同程度的正相关。在无其它元素作用下，Ｍｇ与Ｃａ，Ｆｅ，Ｋ和Ｃａ，Ｎ间有一定的颉抗作用。不同施肥处理对不同地区、品种、年份的叶片营养成分变化有相似的综合反映。叶片缺铁、锌的差异很大，西南地区缺铁比缺锌更为普遍。根据叶片Ｆｅ，Ｚｎ临界值的筛选，获得了抗缺铁、锌的最佳施肥配方。

The trials were carried out on two types of soil, purple soil and acid redyellow soil, in the Southwest of China (Sichuan, Chongqing and Guizhou) during the period of 1993 to 1995. The formulary fertilization (5factorand5level orthogonal rotation design) with urea (0～2 kg N), calcium superphoshate (0～1 kg PsO5), potash (0～1.5 kg K2O), magnesium sulfate (0～1.5 kg MgSO4·7H2O), and zinc sulfate (0.4 kg ZnSO4·7H2O) was applied to three varieties of Citrus (C.unshiu var. Xinjin, C.sinensis var. Jincheng and var. Bingtang) grafted on Poncirus trifoliata. The correlation among Fe, Zn and other foliar nutrients was revealed by multiple factor component analysis. The three varieties showed the similar reactions to the treatments: Fe, Zn were correlated positively with Mn, N, K, Mg, Ca, otherwise, Mg and K represented some antagonism with Ca and Ca, N respectively. There was great variation of deficiency in Fe and Zn for defferent regions, years as well as varieties. In general, The lack in Fe was more widespread than in Zn in the Southwest. The optimum allocations of fertilization against the two deficiencies have been found by means of the mathematical models.