东汉知识分子重名原因述补

A Supplementary Analysis of the Causes for Reputation-valuing of the Intellectuals in the Eastern Han Dynasty

东汉士人重名,其原因可归结为以下几点:汉朝以孝治天下,士人立身扬名,为孝之大者;儒生太多太贫,求仕太难,儒生为求得荐举征辟,不得不想方设法提高自己的名声;社会舆论对名声的普遍重视;士人名声不取决于官府而取决于舆论;士人对垂名青史的追求与对历史公正性的信任。

The causes for reputation-valuing of the intellectuals in the Eastern Han Dynasty are summarized as follows in this paper. Firstly, in the Han Dynasty, the country was governed with the belief in xiao （ filial piety）. The scholars were encouraged to establish themselves and earn reputation as a good example of practicing xiao. Secondly, a large number of poor Confucian scholars found it hard to win a position in the government. The only way to get recommended and appointed to an official post was to try every means to gain better reputation. Thirdly, the prevalent public opinion attached great importance to reputation. Fourthly, the reputation of the scholars depended on the public opinion rather than the government evaluation. And finally, the scholars pursued the goal of having a place in history and they trusted in the justice of history.