Toll样受体4与呼吸系统疾病的研究进展

Research progress of Toll-like receptor 4 and respiratory diseases

人类Toll样受体4（Toll—likereceptor4，TLR4）是最早被认识诱导哺乳动物活化天然免疫和获得性免疫的TLR，属于天然免疫系统的重要分子，可通过识别病原相关的分子模式，引发信号传导，导致炎症介质的释放，并最终激活获得性免疫系统。近年来的众多研究表明，TLR4作为跨膜受体与呼吸系统的多种疾病有着密切的联系。对TLR4的研究使我们进一步了解呼吸系统疾病的发病机制，以寻找更好的抗感染、抗炎症的治疗方法，为防治各种呼吸系统疾病开辟广阔的前景。本文主要对TLR4的结构、功能及与一些呼吸系统疾病的联系作一简要综述。

Human Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） is one of the earliest TLR recognized, which induces activation of innate immune and acquired immune in mammals. It belongs to an important element of the innate immune system. Through identifying the molecular patterns associated with pathogen, it can cause signal transduction, lead to the release of inflammatory mediators, and eventually activate the acquired immune system, in recent years, many studies have shown that, as a trar^smembrane receptor, TLR4 is closely linked to a variety of respiratory diseases. The research about TLR4 makes us further understand the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, find a better anti-infective, anti-inflammatory treatment, open up broad prospects for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases. This article overviews the relationship between the structure and function of TLR4 and a number of respiratory diseases.