分枝杆菌快速鉴定分子技术研究进展

Advance in molecular technique for rapid identification of mycobacteria

传统的分枝杆菌菌种鉴定方法步骤繁琐，操作费时，已不能满足目前临床诊治的需要。因此，各种分子鉴定方法不断涌现，应用于分枝杆菌的临床实验室诊断，包括DNA测序、多重聚合酶链式反应、聚合酶链式反应一限制性酶切片段长度多态性分析、核酸探针杂交、线性探针分析、基因芯片、焦磷酸测序等多种分析技术，这些技术都可快速鉴定菌种，且具有较高的敏感性和特异性。

Conventional identification methods of mycobacteria are cumbersome and time consuming, and could not satisfy the demand of diagnosis and treatment in clinic. A series of molecular assays are applied in clinical laboratory diagnosis of mycobacteria, including DNA sequencing, multiplex polymerase chain reaction,polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, probe hybridization, line probe technology, gene chip, and pyrosequencing. These assays are rapid in identifying bacteria, and offer higher sensitivity and specificity.