从认知角度看英汉空间隐喻

A Cognitive Approach to Spatial Metaphors in English and ChineseGulimila

人类的生活中存在着大量的隐喻,它作为一种重要的认知方式,在不同的语言中,必然兼有共性和个性。莱考夫根据隐喻的概念系统,把隐喻分为结构隐喻、方位(空间)隐喻、本体隐喻三类。认知语言学界普遍认为,在所有隐喻中,空间隐喻对人类的概念形成具有特殊的、重要的意义,因为多数抽象概念都是通过空间概念来表达和理解的。本文从认知的角度,通过描写与解释相结合以及对比分析的研究方法对汉英语里大量存在的空间隐喻进行对比分析,来考察汉英两种语言在空间关系的选择和表达形式方面以及对状态、时间、数量、社会关系等方面的空间隐喻化认知的异同,深入分析隐藏在其后的原因,以对期研究语义引申和第二语言习得教学中母语干扰问题有一定的启发。

Lots of metaphors are in use in people＇s daily lives. As an essential cognitive approach, metaphors of different languages share similarities and have their own features. On the basis of conceptual system, Lakoff divided metaphors into three categories： Structural metaphors, spatial metaphors and ontological metaphors. Scholars of cognitive linguistics all hold the conviction that spatial＇ metaphors play a more significant role in the formation of conceptualization of human beings, as the majority of abstract conceptions are expressed and comprehended by spatial concepts. This essay makes a comparative analysis between spatial metaphors in English and Chinese with the aim to find out the similarities and differences of Chinese and English cognitions towards spatial metaphors. The findings will be of some help to the research of SLA, language teaching and semantic studies.