汉语冲突言语事件中的论证话语分析

Argumentation in Chinese Conflict Talk:A Discourse Analytical Perspective

冲突话语是一种普遍的社会文化现象。交际中意见分歧就形成争议,争议的过程就是话语冲突的过程。一个观点不能得到对方的赞成,就需要加以维护,这些维护观点、解决争议的说理过程就构成了论证话语。论证话语是冲突话语的重要组成部分。研究发现,就论题和论据这两个论证成分的线性关系而言,汉语冲突言语事件中的论证话语主要有三种论证结构:自上而下、自下而上和混合结构。就论证结构的复杂性而言,冲突话语中不仅有单一论证,而且还有多重论证、并列论证和从属论证。另外,语料表明,类比论证、因果论证和举例论证是冲突言语事件中主要的论证类型。

Conflict talk as a social phenomenon occurs in many settings, and the argumentation is one of the indispensable parts in conflict talk. Based on the naturally occurring data, the argumentation structure is discussed and how disputants make an argument in Chinese conflict talk is examined. Based on a sequential analysis of the linear relationship between argumentation and thesis, it is demonstrated that there are three kinds of argument structures, i.e., the top-down, bottom-up, and mixed structures. In addition, according to the structural complexity, how the claim and evidence are structured is shown, and the patterns of argumentation are identified including single, multiple, coordinate and subordinate argumentation. Moreover, the relevant corpora revealed that the arguments through analogy, causality and exemplification are the basic types of argument in conflict talk events.