打工子弟学校社会工作的实践与反思——以北京市打工子弟学校教育援助项目为例

The Reflection and Practice of School Social Work in Schools for Children of Migrant Workers——A Case Study on an Educational Supporting Program in Migrant Children's School in Beijing

打工子弟虽然大多已有条件接受基础教育,但他们普遍存在社会适应、城市融入、人际交往的能力差以及亲子沟通障碍等问题。为了解决这些问题,帮助打工子弟在大城市健康成长,我们尝试在两所北京市打工子弟学校运用学校社会工作的方法开展了一系列服务,包括个案、小组和社区教育等。通过这些服务,服务对象在个人卫生习惯、人际交往等方面比以前有了显著改善,不少打工子弟尊重和关心他人的意识增强,架设了学校、打工子弟、打工子弟家长三位一体的沟通桥梁。但是,我们的服务也暴露出了一些不足,比如个案工作开展得不够深入、社会动员不够等。导致这些问题的原因包括实习学生经验不足和未能充分利用社会支持系统等方面。以上问题,希望在今后进一步服务过程中能够加以避免和克服。

Although most children of migrant workers get access to the basic education in cities, they have difficulties in their social adaptation, social integration, interpersonal interaction and communication with their parents. In order to facilitate their health development in urban areas, we conducted series of services to help them better overcome the difficulties through case work, group work and community education. A bridge is built for better communication among the children, their parents and the school. It is found that the children made obvious progresses in individual sanitation habit development, interpersonal interaction improvement, recognition of respection and care for others, and so on. Such flaws are also revealed in the services as inadequate of case work and social mobilization because the internship workers lack of experiences and capability in applying social supporting systems sufficiently.