被害人行为的出罪化问题研究

Study on the Victim's Decriminalizaion of Actions

在规范刑法学的视野中,行为人之行为对于犯罪的成立与刑事责任之轻重具有绝对的排他性地位,而被害人的行为仅被当作酌定的量刑情节,即使在行为的定性上有所涉及,也仅是构成要件的派生解释因素,不具有适正的体系性地位。这种观念,实际上是否认了被害人的行为之于刑法的重要意义,而且,也是没有对现行刑法进行全面理解的结果,在一定程度上,被害人行为具有影响犯罪行为性质的根本性作用。正当防卫及基于被害人承诺的行为即是其典型表现。

The decision of crime and the level of criminal liability exclusively depend on the perpetrator＇s actions in accordance with the criminal taw; meanwhile the victim＇s action just falls into the discretion, which means it is only derivative elements even its nature is considered, having no proper systematic place. In fact, this idea defies the criminal significance of the victim＇s behavior, without fully appreciating the current criminal law. To some extent, his or her mission substantially has effect on the criminal nature; the typical ones are legal defense and the act based on the victim＇s promise.