土壤pH值对黄金梨果实品质的影响

Effect of Soil pH Value on the Fruit Characters of Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai. cv. Whangkeumbae

[目的]研究土壤pH值对黄金梨果实品质的影响。[方法]以文登市3个梨园为试验基地,研究土壤pH值对黄金梨的单果重、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸等品质指标的影响情况,及土壤酸化条件下,黄金梨叶片、果实中的元素与部分品质指标的相关性。[结果]结果表明,土壤pH值与果实中的可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量和糖酸比呈极显著相关性。土壤pH值较低的梨园果实石细胞少,但是果实芳香物质种类亦少,而且酯类的种类和含量相对更少。叶片中的氮、钾、镁含量低于适宜值范围,铁、锰、锌、铜含量均高于适宜值范围。黄金梨果实中的可溶性糖、可溶性固形物和有机酸含量与叶片、果实中的某些微量或大量元素也有极显著或显著相关性。[结论]土壤pH值能影响果实品质,需进行改良。

[ Objective ] The research aimed to study the effects of soil pH value on the fruit characters of Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai. cv. Whangkeumbae. [ Method] With three pear orchards in Wendeng as the tested sites, the effects of soil pH on mean single weight, soluble solids, soluble sugar, titratable acid of Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai. cv. Whangkeumbae were studied. Under the conditions of soil acidification, the correlation between elements in leaves and fruit and some quality indicators were also studied. [ Result] The results showed that the pH value was correlated very significantly with soluble solids, soluble sugar and the ratio of sugar to acid. The stone cell contents of fruits in lower soil pH orchards were less. But fruit aroma varieties were less and the kinds and contents of esters were less correspondingly. The average contents of N, K, Mg in pear leaves were all lower than their appropriate ranges respectively; Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were lower. The relationship between soluble sohds, soluble sugar, titratable acid and some trace elements or macroelements of leaves and fruits was very significantly or significantly mutuality. [ Conclusion] Soil pH could affect fruit qualities. Therefore, the soil of pear orchards need to be improved.