投饵与不投饵池塘刺参肠道异养菌区系比较

Comparative Study on Seasonal Variation of Heterotrophic Bacteria Flora Associated with Intestine of Sea Cucumber in Feeding and Unfeeding Ponds

从2007年6月到2008年5月,对威海市荣成不投饵刺参养殖池塘和青岛市胶南投饵刺参养殖池塘内的刺参肠道内的异养细菌总活菌数的周年变化进行了调查,并分析了刺参肠道内异养细菌的区系组成。结果表明,投饵与不投饵池塘中刺参肠道内活菌的数量随季节总体变化趋势相似,均为春夏季较低,秋冬季较高,但不投饵池塘刺参肠道内活菌数量在0.01水平显著高于投饵池塘。通过对分离得到的菌株鉴定,发现308株细菌分别属于20个属。在投饵和不投饵池塘中,刺参肠道内的优势菌均为弧菌、假单胞菌和芽孢杆菌,但在投饵池塘中,刺参肠道内的弧菌和芽孢杆菌的比例明显高于不投饵池塘,假单胞菌和其他细菌的比例则明显低于不投饵池塘。不投饵池塘刺参肠道细菌Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在夏季明显高于投饵池塘,其他季节差异不明显。从异养细菌的种类组成看,色杆菌属、Endozoicimonas、瑰杆菌属、副球菌属、短杆菌属、Jeotgalicoccus、Glaciecola仅出现在不投饵池塘刺参肠道内,而屈扰杆菌属、希瓦氏菌、八叠球菌属则仅出现在投饵池塘刺参肠道内。

Seasonal variation of heterotrophic bacterial flora associated with the intestine of sea cucumber （Apostichopus japonicus ） was investigated in the feeding ponds in Jiaonan, Qingdao and unfeeding ponds in Rongcheng, Weihai. Results showed that the total viable counts （TVC） of bacteria in the intestine of sea cucumber in two types of ponds exhibited similar tendency with seasons, which was high in spring and summer but low in autumn and winter. However, TVC of bacteria in the intestine of sea cucumber in the unfeeding ponds was significantly higher than that in feeding ponds （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Altogether, 20 genera were identified from the intestine of sea cucumber. Vibrio, Pseudonomas and Bacillus were the most abundant species in beth feeding and unfeeding ponds. However, the percentages of both Vibrio and Bacillus to total heterotrophic bacterial species isolated from the intestine of sea cucumber in the feeding ponds were significantly higher than those in the unfeeding ponds （ P 〈 0.05 ）. According to the calculation of Shannon-Wiener diversity index, the diversity of heterotrophie bacterial flora in the intestine of sea cucumber in the unfeeding ponds was higher than that in the feeding ponds. Additionally, the species of Chromobacterium, Endozoicimonas, Roseobacter, Paracoccus, Brachybacterium,Jeotgalicoccus, Glaciecola were only found in the intestine of sea cucumber in the unfeeding ponds, and Flexibacrer, Shewanella, Sporosarcina were only isolated from the intestine of sea cucumber in the feeding ponds.