河南省野生槭树种子育苗试验研究

Experiment in the Henan Wild Maple Tree Seedling-raising from Seed

[目的]开发利用河南的野生槭树资源,为河南城乡生态环境建设提供丰富的物质材料。[方法]对河南省野生的13种槭树进行了种子形态与特性测定、种子贮藏方法、一年生苗木的生长规律及其对光照条件的要求等试验研究。[结果]槭树果实形态差异较大,可分为小型、中型和大型3种类型;槭树种子大多具休眠特性,采用室外低温沙藏是打破休眠、提高发芽率的有效方式;槭树一年生苗木的年生长规律表现为双高峰、单高峰和匀速生长3种类型,以匀速生长型表现最好;槭树苗木对光照的要求也有较大的差异,除房县槭(A.franchetii)、元宝枫(A.truncatum)、三角槭(A.buergerianum)、茶条槭(A.ginnala)、飞蛾槭(A.oblongum)在全光下生长表现良好外,其他8种槭树在苗期均需要不同程度的遮阴。[结论]河南野生槭树在低海拔平原地区引种驯化和人工繁殖是切实可行的。

[ Objective ] The wealth of plant materials could be provided for the improvement of the ecological environment in urban and rural areas in Henan Province through the development and utilization of local wild maple resource. [ Method ] The morphology and characteristics of 13 species of wild maple seeds were determined ,their storage method was researched and the experiment in the growing principle of one-yearold seedling of them ,their requirements to light condition was conducted. [ Results] There was large difference in their seed morphology ,being divided into 3 types of small, medium and large-sized seed. Most of maple seed had dormancy characteristics and the treatment of the low temperature storage in sand outdoor was the effective way of dormancy-breaking and germination rate-improving. There were three types of one- year-old maple tree seedling growth ： double growth peaks, single peak and uniform growth. The requirement of the maple tree seedlings to light condition was various and with the exception of A. franchetii,A, truncatum ,A. buergerianum ,A. ginnala and A. oblongum, the shading condition at varying degrees was necessary for other eight species of maple tree growth well. [ Conclusion] It was practicable to introduce and artificially multiply wild maple trees in the plain areas with low altitude.