汽车偏置正面碰撞的数值仿真及结构改进

Simulation of Automobile Offset Frontal Impact and Structure Improvement

以某类型汽车为研究对象,建立了正面40%偏置碰撞的有限元模型,基于欧洲正面碰撞法规ECE R94.01《关于车辆正面碰撞乘员保护认证的统一规定》,应用PAM-CRASH有限元软件进行仿真;通过对仿真结果的分析并针对原车耐撞性能的不足,在车架纵梁前部设计导引槽式吸能结构,以改进前纵梁吸能变形模式;增加A柱加强件及乘员舱区域车架纵梁的宽度和高度,以提高车架纵向刚度和乘员舱的强度。结果表明:以上改进使整车耐撞性能得到了显著改善;改进后乘员舱变形量明显减小,车架第4横梁的加速度峰值降低了7g。

Aimed at a kind of automobile, the finite element model of 40 percent offset frontal impact of the automobile was established, According to the standard of ECE R94.01, Uniform Provisions Concerning the Approval of Vehicles with Regard to the Protection of the Occupants in the Event of a Frontal Collision, applying PAM-CRASH software, through analysis of simulated result and deficiency of original automobile crashworthiness, guided-trough structure on frame front carling was designed. The energy-absorbing deformation mode of front carling was improved. The fortified part on A column was increased, The width and height of frame carling under cabin were increased. It improved the longitudinal rigidity of frame carling and the strength of cabin. Results show that the automobile crashworthiness is significantly improved and deformation of cabin is obviously reduced after structure is improved. The peak acceleration of a point on the 4th beam of automobile reduces 7g.