医院输血安全管理现状分析与对策

Analysis and Countermeasures of Hospital Blood Transfusion Safety Management

目的:通过对某省七家三级医院输血科管理现状调查,了解医院在输血管理制度的制定与实施、技术操作的规范性、输血流程的安全性、输血科人员配置等方面存在的问题,明确今后医院输血安全管理工作的重点,并提出相应的管理对策,旨在为医院及政府职能部门制订有关医院输血安全相关策略提供科学的佐证。方法:1、文献法:对CNKI、维普数据库近五年相关文献进行系统回顾;2、现场调查:对某省7家三级医院输血安全管理现况调查。结果:所调查的7家医院输血安全管理制度知晓率较低,储血冰箱未按照正确的时间进行监测,医务人员对病人输血反应观察不到位,输血前医患沟通较好,输血差错自愿报告系统超过60%的医院尚未建立,输血不良事件发生后,只有14%的医护人员愿意主动上报,输血科医务人员30岁以上的不到30%,专科以下学历占66%,专业背景37%为检验专业,无学历的占8%。结论:医院输血安全管理存在许多问题:管理制度知晓率低、执行不到位,储血过程未按相关要求进行监测,输血科医务人员过于年轻化,学历层次较低,专业背景单一。建议医院应根据存在的问题,采取应对策略。

Objective： According to the investigation of blood transfusion departments among seven tertiary hospitals in a certain province, the results showed that there were many deficiencies to be improved, such as the establishment and implementation of blood transfusion management system, the normative technical operations, blood transfusion security, personnel allocation and so on. This sur- vey made clear the importance on the future safe management of blood transfusion in hospitals and put forward corresponding manage- ment countermeasures. This article aimed to provide the scientific basis for hospitals and goverrLment functional departments to carry out relevant tactics for blood transfusion security. Methods： 1. Literature method： Based on a systematic literature review of the CNKI, VIP database during past five years. 2. Field survey： Investigated the situation of blood transfusion departments of seven tertiary hospitals ina certain province. Results： Among the seven investigated hospitals, the awareness rate of clinical blood transfusion management system was low, blood stored refrigerators were not monitored regularly, the observation of transfusion reaction fi＇om medical staff was not enough, the communication between medical staff and patients was good before the blood transfusion. Over 60% of hospitals have not built the voluntary reporting system of blood transfusion error, only 14% medical personnels would report after the adverse effects of transfusion happened. In the blood transfusion departments, less than 30% of medical staff were over 30 years old, 66% of medical staff were under junior college, 37% were major in test laboratory, and 8% of the medical staff had no formal education back ground. Conclu- sion： There were many problems in the blood transfusion safety management of hospitals： The awareness rate of clinical blood transfusion management system was low, the implementation was not in place, blood storage process was not monitored in accordance with relevant requirements. The personnels in the transfusion department were rejuvenation and also low level of qualifications. The professional background of medical staff was unitary. In conclusion, hospitals must take corresponding strategies according to the existing problems.