客观归责理论对台湾地区实务判断因果关系的影响——以台湾地区“最高法院”96年台上字第5992号判决为例

On the Effect of Objective Imputation Theory on Causation in the Judicial Practice of Taiwan District

客观归责理论形成于德国。1990年代初,台湾地区刑法学界开始介绍客观归责理论,虽然未必成为主流,但在刑法学的研究上引起很大的重视。相对于此,台湾地区司法实务由于长期受相当因果关系的影响,客观归责理论的运用则是近十年来的事,且是从各级法院的第一审开始。台湾地区"最高法院"96年台上字第5992号判决突破相当因果关系说的束缚,大胆采用客观归责理论,可以说具有划时代的意义。一个法律学说从外国引进,能否在本土生根,是测试这个外国学说是否良好的指标。台湾地区"最高法院"虽然已经接受客观归责理论,但是否可能取代相当因果关系说而成为实务的主流,还需要后续的观察。

The theory of objective imputation was formed in Germany and introduced to the criminal jurisprudence of Taiwan District in early 1990s. Though not acting as the mainstream, this theory has been given much concern by the criminal jurisprudence. Comparatively speaking, such theory has just been applied in the judicial practice of Taiwan District for the last decade due to the long - lasting influence by the proper causation, and the application scope was restricted to the first instance of trial at various levels of courts. According to No. 5992 Appellate Judgment, the Supreme Court of Taiwan District had broken through the restriction of proper causation and instead adopted the theory of objective imputation, which had landmark significance. Whether an introduced foreign jurisprudential theory＂ can be integrated into domestic laws is a good test of the theory itself. Therefore, though the Supreme Court has adopted the theory of objective imputation, further observation is still necessary to decide whether it can substitute the proper causation and become the mainstream in judicial practice.