在“事实”与“价值”之间——马克斯·韦伯学术方法的法理学启示

Between "Facts" and "Values"——on the Jurisprudence Inspiration of Max Weber's Academic Methodology

马克斯.韦伯的社会学理论与方法兼及形式理性与实质理性的要求,折衷于实证主义与人文主义之间,能坚守科学性与客观性而又不忽略价值的意义与理解。他既不同意实证主义把人类行为化约为可观察的外部表现的做法,也不赞同完全回到人的主观世界,进行没有任何验证标准的"思辨式"研究。马克斯.韦伯是一个穿梭于科学客观性与主体价值之间、因果解释与意义理解与阐释之间的智者。这为法学研究或法律实践提供了一种方法论的基础和指导。因为,建构一种不同于自然科学,而又能够保证其客观性的社会科学方法,是法学或法律运作的一项长期的任务或追求。

Max Weber＇ s sociological theory and methodology have met requirements of formal rationality and substantive rationality, exist between positivism and humanism, and adhere to scientific objectivity without neglecting the implication and interpretation of values. He does not consent to the positivism＇ s view of reducing human behaviors to the observable external expression, and neither agrees with the view of the subjectively speculative exploration in lack of any testified criteria. Max Weber is such a sophist shuttling between scientific objectivism and subjective value, causal explanation and significance interpretation that he has provided the methodology ground and guidance for the research and practice of law. It is obvious that how to establish the methodology of social sciences, ensuring objectivity but different from that of natural science, is positively a long - run task and pursuit for both jurisprudence and practice of law.