民国时期新式金融在西北的农贷活动绩效评价

Performance Evaluation of New Finance Model in the Agricultural Credit Activities in the Northwest during the Period of the Republic of China

民国时期,新式金融在西北各地的建立,相比较于华北和长江中下游等地区起步较晚,机构数量也较少。其所进行的农贷活动虽涉及农村经济、农业生产与农户生活的各个领域,对于缓解该地区农村资金市场的压力、减轻农户所受传统高利贷的剥削等方面有一定程度的积极作用。但由于参与农贷各方目的的不一致性,新式农贷机构分布很不均匀,一些农贷机构被地主、富农操纵,农贷活动借贷手续烦琐、时效性差,贷款平均分散等原因,活动所产生的积极作用是相当有限的。总体上说,农贷活动并未对该地区传统借贷关系产生根本性的冲击,西北农村金融现代化的目标并未实现。

During the period of the Republic of China, the new finance model has had a late start and undergone a slow development in the Northwest of the country compared to other regions around the northern, middle and lower reaches of the Chang Jiang River and the North of China as a whole. Similarly, the number of its associated institutions has been less in the Northwest. The agricultural credit activities of these institutions have been involved in all areas of the rural economy in that area, including agricultural production and the lives of famers and their aim has been to ease the pressure brought to bear by rural capital markets upon the local economies and alleviate the negative effects of traditional loansharking practices on all parties. However, an assessment of these New Finance credit activities reveals that the intended effects have been limited, owing, primarily, to several factors： the clash of inconsistent agendas held by the parties involved, the uneven distribution of credit institutions, the manipulation of such institutions by some landlords and other prosperous cultivators of the land and the excessive complexity of lending and loaning procedures, which were limited in the duration of their effectiveness and spread too thinly over the population of the region. Generally speaking, agricultural credit activities did not have a fundmental impact on tranditional relationship between lending and loaning of this area, and the goal of financial modernization in northwest rural area had not been acheived.