国人鼻中隔软骨的解剖学研究

Anatomical study of nasal septal cartilage in Chinese

目的研究国人鼻中隔软骨的形态结构及解剖学参数，为临床进行鼻中隔整形或鼻中隔软骨移植提供实验依据及理论指导。方法在10具国人尸体标本上对鼻中隔软骨进行解剖学观察，并获取鼻中隔软骨，测量其面积、长度、高度和厚度。结果鼻中隔软骨的面积为（4．94±1．26）cm^2，95％置信区间为4．04～5．85cm^2；长度为（2．83±0．47）cm，95％置信区间为2．49～3．17cm；高度为（2．42±0．39）cm，95％置信区间为2．13～2．69cm。平均厚度为（0．97±0．15）mm，其中b区最厚为（1．14±0．26）mm，c区（1．09±0．37）mm和d区（1．00±0．24）mm次之，e区（0．83±0．22）mm和a区（0．81±0．27）mm最薄。结论国人鼻中隔软骨的平均面积为4．94cm^2，平均长度和高度为2．83、2．42cm，3个参数均有较大的个体差异。平均厚度为0．97mm，其中前中隔角和中心区域较薄，与鼻骨、上颌骨鼻嵴、筛骨垂直板和犁骨交界的区域均有增厚。在保留1．0cm宽的“L”形支架的情况下，临床可切取的鼻中隔软骨面积约3．0cm^2。

Objective To study the shape, structure and anatomic parameters of nasal septal cartilage in Chinese to provide experimental data and theory directions for the septorhinoplasty or cartilage of nasal septum graft. Methods The septal cartilages in 10 adult cadavers were observed anatomically and then were removed for measuring their length, height, thickness and area. Results The average area of septal cartilage was （4.94± 1.26） cm^2, and the 95% confidence interval （95% CI） was 4.04-5.85 cm^2; the average length was （ 2.83 ± 0.47） cm, and the 95% CI was 2.49 - 3.17 cm ; the average height was （2.42 ± 0.39） cm, and the 95% CI was 2.13 - 2.69 cm. The average thickness of septal cartilage was （0.97 ±0.15） mm with the greatest thickness in region b （ 1.14 ± 0.26） mm, intermediate thickness in region e （ 1.09 ± 0.37 ） mm and region d （1.00 ± 0.24） mm, the least thickness in region e （0.83 ±0.22） mm and region a （0.81 ±0.27） mm. Conclusion The mean area of septal cartilage was 4.94 cm^2 in Chinese, and the average length and height were 2.83 cm and 2.42 cm respectively. The parameters of area, length and height had relative individual variation. The average thickness was 0.97 mm, in which the central portion and the anterior septal angle were thinner and the remaining regions were thicker. With the maintaining of 1.0 cm L shape septum, the size of cartilage graft should be less than 3.0 cm^2.