以文存史观念与清初“传”体文——以魏禧为考察中心

The Concept of Recording History by Literary Works and Biographical Style in the Early Qing Dynasty

明清之际,传体文备受文人重视,其创作也呈现出勃兴之势,具有丰富的文化蕴涵。一方面,由于处于天崩地坼的时代大变革之时,文人试图以此达到以文存史、表扬忠烈的目的;另一方面,又期以文章经世,使后世之人于其中取法得失。在艺术手法上,杂糅小说笔法,虚实相间,叙事生动,形象鲜明,体现了清初文章的发展脉络与审美追求。清初魏禧的传志文就是其中的典范。

In the late Ming and early Qing Dynastical, the biography style has been of great importance in the literati, and its creative emergence was showing a trend. This had a rich and complex cultural meaning： on the one hand, writers attempted to achieve the purpose of keeping the history and praising the heroes in the era of great change. On the other hand, they tried to realize their ideal of changing the image of the world, and hoped that fu- ture generations could draw on historical experience from them. In the arts, the writing technique of novel had been used, which made the image sharp and narrative vivid. We can see the aesthetic pursuit and developmental thread of the works in the early Qing Dynasty. In these writers, Wei Xi was one mode.