1999～2008年住院儿童死亡状况及相关因素分析

Analysis on mortality and related factors of hospitalized children in Beijing from 1999 to 2008

目的:了解近10年住院患儿死因变化情况及性别、年龄、季节分布情况。方法:统计近10年住院患儿死亡病例,根据国际疾病《ICD-10》分类原则进行分类,采用SPSS进行统计处理。结果:近10年住院儿童死亡率总体呈下降趋势;住院男女死亡之比为1.6∶1;住院女童死亡率略高于住院男童死亡率;极端的气候影响死亡率的高低;1岁以内婴儿死亡比例最高;近10年死因位于前5位的疾病分别为:先天异常(28.0%)、恶性肿瘤(22.5%)、新生儿疾病(9.9%)、呼吸系统疾病(9.4%)和传染性疾病(7.1%)。结论:对儿童疾病应以预防为主,加强孕前体检和孕育指导,降低新生儿出生缺陷,加强新生儿筛查工作,对早期疾病及时干预,关注女童健康,控制环境危害对儿童健康的影响。

Objective： To understand the causes of death, sex, age, season distribution of hospitalized children from 1999 to 2008. Methods： The data of death cases among hospitalized children from 1999 to 2008 were counted and classified, then the results were analysed on SPSS software. Results： The mortality of hospitalized children decreased from 1999 to 2008, the ratio of boys/girls was 1.6：1 ; the mortality of girls was higher than that of boys ; violent weather affected mortality of hospitalized children ; the proportion of death cases under 1 year was the highest among hospitalized children; the first five diseases of death were ： congenital anomalies （28%） , malignant tumors （22. 5% ）, newborn diseases （9. 9% ） , respiratory disorder （9.4%） , communicable diseases （7.1%） . Conclusion： Prevention of diseases is primary for children, strengthening pregestational physical examination and direction, reducing birth, defects of neonates, strengthening neonatal screening and intervention timely, paying attention to girls and controlling environmental harms to children are important.