朱子学与江西之学

Zhu Zi's Philosophy and the Study of Jingxi

理学是中国传统儒学发展的高级阶段,朱熹是理学的集大成者。理学有诸多学派,朱熹之前已有濂洛关闽之分,在朱熹之时,亦有江西之学、湖湘之学、浙东之学诸派。朱熹之后,历朝同样有诸多学派。朱子学派称"闽学",但朱子学不等于"闽学"。朱熹称二陆之学为"江西之学",但陆象山之学不等于"江西之学",江西之学发脉于欧阳修、曾巩,经李觏、王安石,而成于周敦颐、张九成、陆象山。"江西之学"以二陆心学理论特色得以"孤行于天下"。江西是理学开源、心学萌生之地。朱熹祖籍徽州婺源,今属江西上饶。朱子学不入于江西,但江西是他讲学论辩任官施教的地方,朱子学与象山学同样在江西广泛传播,历宋元明而不衰。所以,江西是宋元明时代理学发展的核心区域。

Neo - Confucianism is an advanced stage of traditional Chinese Confucianism, and ZHU Xi is the master of neo - Confucianism. Neo - Confucianism has various schools. Before ZHU Xi, there had been schools of Lian, Lao, Guan and Min. And at the time of ZHU Xi, there were many studies, such as the study of Jiangxi, the study of Huxiang, the study of East of Zhejiang and so on. After ZHU Xi, there were also many schools in different dynasties. The school of Zhu Zi＇ s philosophy can he called ＂the study of Min＂, but the former is not completely equal to the latter. ZHU Xi once said that the school of LU Fu - zhai and LU Xiang -shan was the study of Jiangxi, but the school of LU Xiang - shah is also not equal to the study of Jiangxi. The study of Jiangxi originated in OU Yang - xiu and ZENG Gong, was improved by LI Gou and WANG An - shi, and was completed by ZHOU Dun - yi, ZHANG Jiu- cheng and LU Xiang- shan. The study of Jiangxi was characterized by the theory of LU FU - zhai and LU Xiang - shah＇ s mentalism so that it could stand alone but finn in the world. Jiangxi province is the initiation place of neo - Confucianism and mentalism. ZHU XI＇ s roots are in Wuyuan of Hui zhou, which now belongs to Shangrao of Jiangxi province. Zhu Zi ＇ s philosophy doesn＇t belong to Jiangxi, but Jingxi is the very place where ZHU Xi gave lectures, disputed, worked as an official and practiced teaching. Zhu Zi＇s philosophy was as popular as the school of LU Xiangshan in Jiangxi and continued through the dynasties of Song, Yuan and Ming. Thus, Jiangxi is the core area of neo - Confucianism＇ s development dttring the time of Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties.