新疆棉花长期连作对棉区生态环境的影响与棉花轮作可选择空间的思考

Impact of Long-term Cotton Cropping on Ecological Environment in Cotton Region and Thoughts on Choice Space of Cotton Rotation

40多年来,新疆农业结构的调整是从以小麦为主导地位的作物结构向棉花占主导地位的作物结构的转变过程,但在植棉比重越来越高的过程中,棉花连作对新疆棉区农业生态环境的影响日渐突出,导致棉区病虫害加剧、地膜污染严重、土壤肥力下降。本文分析了土地质量、规模及土地承包制度、经济效益、非农产业、交易成本对棉花轮作的影响和替代农作物的选择空间,提出实施棉花轮作补贴,推进农业产化化进程,降低机动地比重,扩大棉花轮作替代作物选择空间的建议。

For over 40 years, the adjustment of agriculture structure in Xinjiang has been transformed from the dominant position of the wheat to the cotton, but during the process of increasingly higher proportion of the cotton planting, the impact of cotton planting on the agro-ecological environment in Xinjiang cotton region has become increasingly prominent, causes the increased cotton pests, serious plastic pollution, decline in soil fertility. This paper analyzes the land quality, scale and land contracting system, economic efficiency, non-agriculture industry, the influence of the transaction costs on the cotton rotation and the options of the alternative crop, proposes the implementation of the subsidy of cotton rotation, promotes the process of agricultural production, reduces the proportion of mobile and expands the suggestion of choice space in cotton rotation.